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Article History

Received: 25 October 2025

Accepted: 11 February 2026

First Online: 6 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia (Approval Number: H-2025-907, dated 29 September 2025; Registration: HAP-08-L-158) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical guidelines established by the Saudi National Committee of Bio and Medical Ethics (NCBE). The approval followed a comprehensive review of the research proposal, data collection procedures, and questionnaire items to ensure adherence to ethical standards for studies involving human participants.

: Participants were provided with written informed consent forms that explained the study’s objectives, their rights, and responsibilities. As the data was gathered through a survey, this acted as written consent. Participants were assured they could withdraw from the study at any time without consequence and that their participation was completely voluntary.

: Informed consent to publish was obtained from all participants. The consent form explained that anonymized data and research findings would be published in academic journals and presentations. All participants confirmed their understanding and agreement that their anonymized responses could be used for research dissemination purposes.

: The authors declare no competing interests.