Nurhayati, Azizatun
Nawi, Nolila Mohd
Kamarulzaman, Nitty Hirawaty
Hadi, Ahmad Hanis Izani Abdul
Irham, Irham
Funding for this research was provided by:
Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan
Article History
Received: 27 October 2025
Accepted: 3 March 2026
First Online: 16 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, under the number KE/UGM/024/EC/2025.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects before the study.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.