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Authors
Kaur, Sandeep
Janu, Karan
Kadyan, Himanshu
Kumar, Pushp https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2355-1871
Bhardwaj, Namrata https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1500-3516
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Manipal University Jaipur
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Article History
Received: 10 September 2025
Accepted: 4 March 2026
First Online: 12 April 2026
Declarations
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: The research proposal titled “Re-examining the Socio-Economic Externalities of Groundwater Depletion in Central Punjab: Possibilities and Challenges” led by Dr. Sandeep Kaur, was reviewed by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of the Central University of Punjab. As this study involved data collection related to farms, including groundwater extraction, crop yield, irrigation hours, and costs, and did not involve collecting any data from human subjects, the Ethics Committee (Approval No. EC/NEW/INST/2021/2130) confirmed that formal ethical approval was not required. The study was conducted in adherence to institutional principles and ethical standards of research integrity.
: Not applicable.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation in the interview-based survey conducted for this study. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants were provided with detailed information about the study's aims, procedures, potential risks, and benefits.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
