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Authors
Li, Jintao
Yang, Jinghao
Chu, Lei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42001192;52478063)
Science Research Planning Fund Project of the Humanities Society of the Ministry of Education (24YJA630086)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022MC056)
National Social Science Fund of China (23BTJ030)
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Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 9 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by Ethics Committee of the School of Political Science and Public Administration, Shandong University. All procedures involving human participants in this study were conducted in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
