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Article History

Received: 19 October 2025

Accepted: 18 March 2026

First Online: 3 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of Johannesburg. Consent to participate was obtained from the respondents. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki principles of informed consent, voluntary participation and withdrawal, confidentiality, and privacy of the participants.

: All the identified authors of the paper have approved the manuscript’s submission for publication.

: Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all individual participants included in the research.

: The authors declare no competing interests.