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Authors
Peng, Changrong
Ma, Xiaoqing
Zhang, Xiaodong
Zhang, Meidi
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Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Accepted: 20 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Art College, Hebei University of Economics and Business. As this was a non-clinical questionnaire-based study, no specific approval number was issued by the board. All procedures were conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation. For participants under 18 years of age, written consent was obtained from their legal guardians. Participation was voluntary and anonymous.
: Not applicable.
