Safitri, Desy
Sujarwo, Sujarwo
Marini, Arita
Pratama, Iqbal
Dewiyani, Leola
Marfu, Asep
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi
Article History
Received: 13 September 2025
Accepted: 21 March 2026
First Online: 5 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The protocol of this study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Universitas Negeri Jakarta, under approval number Approval No. 0017/UNJ/I/2025, January 15, 2025, in accordance with the national research ethics guidelines of Indonesia. All procedures were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study.
: Not applicable.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in this study. For participants under the age of 18, consent was obtained from a parent and/or legal guardian.
: The authors declare no competing interests.