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Authors
Tianio, Jomar S. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8174-1538
Manlapas, Omar R. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0452-1499
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Article History
Received: 29 July 2025
Accepted: 2 April 2026
First Online: 28 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the University of Immaculate Conception Research Ethics Committee under protocol code EXT-ER-05-25-0336. The research was carried out in accordance with the ethical guidelines and regulations required by the approving ethics committee. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation in the study. Participants were informed of the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of their participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any identifiable personal data.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
