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Article History

Received: 27 October 2025

Accepted: 3 April 2026

First Online: 22 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Formal ethical review was waived by the Department of Science and Technology at Ho Chi Minh University of Banking, as the study involved an anonymous socio-economic survey with no sensitive data or vulnerable respondents. The research adhered to the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all individual respondents included in the study. All respondents gave informed consent before the survey. Participation was voluntary and uncompensated beyond a small token.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.