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Authors
Rosdiana, Riska
Hariani, Swarmilah
Pramudena, Sri Marti
Bakti, I Gede Mahatma Yuda
Syahlani, Nurfadlih
Utomo, Agung Widyo
Widyanty, Winda
Sumaedi, Sik
Prasetya, Prita
Shiratina, Aldina
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Directorate General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, Republic of Indonesia
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Article History
Received: 1 December 2025
Accepted: 6 April 2026
First Online: 19 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: Ethical clearance approval for this study was obtained from the Social Humanities Ethics Commission of the National Research and Innovation Agency (No: 809/KE.01/SK/08/2025), in accordance with BRIN’s ethical guidelines and relevant national regulations.
: Informed consent was obtained from all respondents prior to their participation in the survey.
