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Authors
Nguyen, Manh-Hoang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành
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Article History
Received: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 8 April 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was reviewed and approved by the Scientific Council of Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Vietnam, which serves as the university’s officially designated Ethical Review Board for this category of human-participant research (Approval No. NTTU/EA/2025-16, approved on 04 March 2025). The study was conducted in accordance with institutional ethical standards and the American Psychological Association’s (APA) Ethics Code. All participants provided written informed consent before participation in the study. The purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits were clearly explained to all individuals involved. Participation was voluntary, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw without penalty.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
