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Authors
Bhatti, Muhammad Awais
Pardaev, Jamshid
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
This work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia [Grant Number KFU].
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Article History
Received: 5 January 2026
Accepted: 13 April 2026
First Online: 28 May 2026
Declarations
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: The research protocol for this study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, in accordance with the ethical guidelines and regulations of the committee and the principles outlined in the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All procedures involving human participants were performed following these approved guidelines. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study prior to data collection. Participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of their participation, and their right to withdraw at any stage without penalty. They were also assured of the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses, and that the collected data would be used solely for academic and research purposes.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
