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Article History

Received: 13 December 2025

Accepted: 17 April 2026

First Online: 6 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Heartland Institutional Review Board (HIRB Project No. 081324-591) in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments and applicable national and institutional guidelines for research involving human participants. This study does not constitute a clinical trial, and trial registration is not applicable. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation in the study. For participants under the age of 18, informed consent was obtained from a parent or legal guardian, and assent was obtained from the minor participants, in accordance with ethical guidelines.

: Not applicable.

: The authors are affiliated with Six Seconds, the nonprofit organization that developed and facilitated the Climate of Emotions intervention examined in this study. This research was conducted as part of Six Seconds’ nonprofit impact initiatives and was not commercially funded. The authors declare that they have no financial or commercial competing interests related to this work.