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Authors
Wen, Shuya
Hua, Yongchun
Lin, Xuesong
Liang, Ruiting
Ma, Xiuzhi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Young Teachers' Scientific Research Capacity Enhancement Program of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (BR230105)
the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2023LHMS03055)
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Article History
Received: 10 February 2026
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This study is based on secondary data analysis using publicly available remote sensing and meteorological datasets (GLASS NPP, soil, topographic, and climate data). No human participants, human data, or animal subjects were involved in this research. Not applicable. As this study did not involve any human participants, consent to participate was not required.
: Not applicable. Since no individual person's data, details, or images are reported in this study, consent to publish was not required. All data used are aggregated and publicly available.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
