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Authors
Alshammari, Adel
Farid, E.
Ghazali, Mohamed
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Article History
Received: 9 December 2025
Accepted: 5 May 2026
First Online: 23 July 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval: This study received ethical approval from the Ethics Review Committee of the College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Approval No. KSU-ERC-PM-2024-017). The research protocol was approved in accordance with the committee’s ethical guidelines and regulations for research involving human participants. All procedures performed in this study complied with recognized ethical standards for social science research, and informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection.
Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study before their participation.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
