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Article History

Received: 13 November 2025

Accepted: 6 May 2026

First Online: 11 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol, including survey instruments and data collection methods, was formally reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Thuongmai University (Decision No. 828/QĐ-ĐHTM, issued on May 16, 2024).

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants (experts and tourists) involved in the study. All respondents were briefed on the research objectives and voluntarily agreed to participate in the surveys and interviews.

: The participants provided informed consent for the publication of the research findings. All data have been anonymized and aggregated to ensure that no individual-level identifiable information is disclosed in this manuscript.