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Article History

Received: 20 January 2026

Accepted: 6 May 2026

First Online: 25 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study involved voluntary participation and the collection of anonymous, non-sensitive data only, with no experimental procedures or collection of personally identifiable information. In accordance with national and institutional research ethics regulations and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, the study was reviewed and exempted from full ethical review by the Mekdela Amba University Research and Publication Ethics Committee (Reference No. 428, October 9, 2024 G.C.). The research was conducted in full accordance with the guidelines and requirements of the approving ethics committee, and confidentiality was strictly maintained throughout the study.

: Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants, as most respondents were unable to read or write, rendering written consent impractical. The procedure for obtaining verbal consent was reviewed and approved by the Mekdela Amba University Research and Publication Ethics Committee (Ref. No. 428, October 9, 2024 G.C). Before participation, each respondent received a clear explanation of the study’s purpose, procedures, voluntary nature of participation, and their right to withdraw at any stage without any consequences. Verbal consent was documented using a digital audio recording in accordance with ethical standards. No personal identifiers or sensitive information were collected, and all ethical principles were strictly upheld throughout the study.

: For this study, verbal informed consent for the publication of the study findings was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were informed that the results of the study would be made publicly available and that all data would be reported in an aggregated and anonymized manner, ensuring that no personal or sensitive information could be used to identify individual participants.