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Authors
Escobar-Sánchez, Gabriela
Weischedel, Juliet
Robbe, Esther
Haseler, Mirco
El Fels, Loubna
Abdallah, Lilia Ben
Hassan, Gasser
M’hiri, Fadhel
Hense, Peter
Schernewski, Gerald
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde (IOW)
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 13 May 2026
First Online: 10 August 2026
Declarations
Declarations: Ethical approval The study involved non-sensitive, anonymized surveys and non-identifiable interviews and was reviewed and deemed exempt by the IRB of the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) , with the institute director acting as the responsible authority. Reasons for exemption included that the study requested informed and voluntary consent from the participants, the purpose of research was disclosed, no sensitive data was collected, participants could decline participation at any time, and data was anonymized. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the institutional ethical standards and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.
Consent to participate: Verbal informed consent was obtained prior to the interviews and surveys.
Consent to publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
