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Article History

Received: 26 November 2025

Accepted: 13 May 2026

First Online: 10 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This research was approved by the Management Department of the College of Business and Economics at Arba Minch University in accordance with the ethical standards of Arba Minch University research guidelines before the commencement of the research. The assigned reference number is Ref: Mgmt/D/40/17. Then, verbal, voluntary, and informed consent was obtained from all participants after explaining the study objectives and the confidentiality of their responses. Every individual participant in the study gave their verbal informed consent. Prior to data collection, the study objectives were clearly explained to all participants, and they were assured of the confidentiality of their responses and their right to withdraw at any time without consequence. In order to promote truthful answers and reduce social desirability bias, the questionnaires were anonymous. The institutional ethics committee approved the use of verbal consent given the low-risk nature of the survey and the organizational context.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.