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Authors
Phonthanukitithaworn, Chanchai
Worakittikul, Wongsatorn
Pholrom, Siwakorn
Chalunram, Jirayut
Ratanacharoendej, Teeradech
Jitphaisan, Tanabat
Naruetharadhol, Phaninee
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Research and Innovation Fund (Fundamental Fund 2026)
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Article History
Received: 25 January 2026
Accepted: 18 May 2026
First Online: 10 June 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol complied with Mahidol University’s ethical standards and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments, as applicable. All procedures involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Mahidol University with the ethical no. MU-CIRB 2025393.2907. Participation in this study was voluntary. All participants were informed about the purpose of the research, the nature of their involvement, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequence. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants prior to data collection. Participants were assured of the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses, and no personally identifiable information was collected or disclosed. All data were used solely for academic research purposes and handled in accordance with applicable ethical standards.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
