Tang, XiangHua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-5566
Bani, Yasmin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1950-7771
Ibrahim, Saifuzzaman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4372-168X
Abdul Samad, Abdul Rahim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8013-0005
Article History
Received: 5 January 2026
Accepted: 19 May 2026
First Online: 7 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. This study uses secondary institutional- and country-level data and does not involve human participants or animal subjects.
Consent for publication: Not applicable, as no human data were used and no identifying human information is included.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.