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Article History

Received: 4 February 2026

Accepted: 25 May 2026

First Online: 3 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was examined and approved by the University of Business and Integrated Development Studies’ Ethics Committee in Wa, Ghana. The study was carried out in strict adherence to the guidelines and regulations of the Ethics committee of the University of Business and Integrated Development Studies, Wa, Ghana. Before any data was collected, each participant gave their verbal informed consent.

: Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection due to varying literacy levels among respondents. The consent procedure involved clearly explaining the study objectives, confidentiality assurances, voluntary participation, and the right to withdraw at any time without consequences. Respondents indicated consent verbally before interviews commenced, and no personal identifiers were recorded to ensure anonymity.

: Not applicable.