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Article History

Received: 6 September 2025

Accepted: 28 May 2026

First Online: 3 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This research was conducted in agreement with ethical standards specified in the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 Seoul Amendment), as audited and approved by the Ethics and Legal Counsel of Chongqing City Vocational College. Prior to their involvement in this study, each participant was provided with comprehensive information about the study’s objectives, methodology, potential risks, and benefits. After this full disclosure, all participants provided written consent affirming their willingness to take part. Participants were assured of confidentiality, as their personal information was kept private.

: All participants in this study were informed of the research purpose, data collection scope, usage (academic research only), confidentiality measures (anonymous processing and separate storage of personal information and questionnaire data), and the right to withdraw voluntarily (no adverse effects for withdrawal) through the Survey Instructions on the first page of the questionnaire. Participants were informed that completing and submitting the questionnaire would constitute written informed consent to participate in the study. This informed consent process has been reviewed and confirmed to comply with the ethical standards specified in the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 Seoul Amendment) and the approval requirements of the Ethics and Legal Counsel of Chongqing City Vocational College.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.