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Article History

Received: 15 February 2026

Accepted: 9 June 2026

First Online: 16 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical review and approval for this study were waived by the Research & Extension Division of Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), which served as the institutional ethical review committee/body for this study under the authority of the Committee for Advanced Studies and Research (CASR). The waiver was granted because the research involved adult participants, non-invasive social science survey methods, and minimal-risk procedures. The study did not involve clinical experimentation, biological sample collection, medical intervention, or vulnerable populations requiring formal biomedical ethical review. All research procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant national and institutional ethical guidelines, including the Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC) National Research Ethics Guidelines and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision). Prior to participation, all respondents were informed about the objectives of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, confidentiality and anonymity protections, and their right to withdraw from the study at any stage without any negative consequences. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection. No personally identifiable information has been included in this manuscript.

: Not applicable. images or personal data of participants.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were informed about the purpose of the research, the voluntary nature of participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequences.

: The authors declare no competing interests.