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Authors
Khoa, Bui Thanh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7739-0321
Phuong, Nguyen Duy https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0815-9956
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Article History
Received: 21 March 2026
Accepted: 9 June 2026
First Online: 22 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with standard ethical principles for research involving human participants, including voluntary participation, informed consent, confidentiality, anonymity, and the use of data solely for academic purposes. Administrative approval for the study was granted by the Faculty of Management and Marketing, Gia Dinh University, under Official Letter No. 02/CV/KQTMA_2025 dated 12 June 2025, prior to data collection.
: Not applicable.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants either electronically or in written form before they took part in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
