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Authors
Abdullahi, Ali Farah https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2071-0466
Abdulle, Abdikani Yusuf https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7739-439X
Osman, Zakaria Abdo https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1913-8972
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Article History
Received: 19 February 2026
Accepted: 15 June 2026
First Online: 29 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study adhered to ethical guidelines by utilizing only secondary data obtained from publicly available sources. As no human participants were involved, there were no direct ethical concerns related to participant consent or confidentiality. The data sources used were properly cited, and all procedures complied with the ethical research standards.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
