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Authors
Sinh, Nguyen Hoang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6336-0845
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Article History
Received: 1 April 2026
Accepted: 17 June 2026
First Online: 7 August 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval: This study received ethical approval from the Research Committee of Ho Chi Minh City Open University (Approval Number: E2022.06.2). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and regulations of Ho Chi Minh City Open University and complied with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants prior to their participation in the study. Participation was voluntary, and respondents were informed about the purpose of the research, as well as the anonymity and confidentiality of their responses.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
