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Article History

Received: 22 December 2025

Accepted: 26 June 2026

First Online: 5 July 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involved a voluntary, anonymous, and non-interventional social-science survey of adult participants. In the meantime, the research protocol was approved by Wollo University IRB in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. No directly identifying or sensitive personal information was collected, and the questions related only vulnerability to climate change and value chain impingements. The survey-based research presented in this manuscript has been undertaken in accordance with the ethical guidelines and regulations as outlined by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Wollo University, which is adherent to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Participants gave informed consent to participate after being informed about their rights at the beginning of the surveys by proceeding to the first survey page, and responses were used solely for academic purposes.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The author declares that there is no competing interests.