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Authors
Amin, Choirul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-1740
Situmorang, Rospita Odorlina Pilianna
Mukasyaf, Aziz Akbar
Anggani, Nirma Lila
Subarudi,
Njurumana, Gerson Ndawa
Ngongo, Yohanis
Dewi, Ratna Stia
Samson, Maxim G. M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hibah Riset Kerjasama Nasional (363.60/A.3-III/DRPPS/XII/2025)
the 2026 Rumah Program Funding Research, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). (2026/BRIN)
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Article History
Received: 9 January 2026
Accepted: 2 July 2026
First Online: 23 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the Human Geography Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Geography (Reference No. 87/B.1/KEPGM-FGUMS/X/2025) and the Ethical Committee on Social Studies and Humanities, National Research and Innovation Agency (Reference No. 712/KE.01/SK/07/2025) on 24 July 2025, and was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
