Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
René, Civava M.
Géant, Chuma B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9023-2395
Adrien, Ndeko B.
Joelle, Nzigi M.
Lucungu, Prince Baraka
Sanginga, Blandine
Mufumbo, Raphaël
Léonard, Kazamwali M.
Alfonse, Balezi
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 8 April 2026
Accepted: 2 July 2026
First Online: 19 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Interdisciplinary Center for Ethic Research CIRE of the Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA) approved the study protocol, Ref: CIRE 008/DPSK/118PP/2022. We obtained consent from all resource persons and households for data collection after ensuring the participants' confidentiality of the data collected. All the national guidelines and legislation from the MULUNGU Station of INERA-DRC were followed, and all experimental protocols were approved. We also certify that the species used (for image capturing) are not on the IUCN red list index of threatened species Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. During survey interviews, we obtained consent from all the farmers surveyed, focusing exclusively on adult participants. Thus, free and informed consent was requested and obtained from participants at the beginning of each interview.
Consent for publication: This paper has not been previously published, or under consideration for publication elsewhere.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
