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Authors
Raab, Katharina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-490X
Wagner, Ralf
Sales, Marie Therese Bernadette
Jonco-Mesias, Maria J-len
Querubin, Felix
Bhuwanee, Dushyantsingh
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universität Kassel
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Article History
Received: 13 January 2026
Accepted: 7 July 2026
First Online: 28 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study did not involve human participants, human data, or human biological material. The research relied exclusively on secondary data sources, non-participatory field observations, site visits, and photographic documentation of municipal solid waste management infrastructure. Therefore, formal ethical approval was not required according to institutional guidelines. Not applicable.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
