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Authors
Bilal, Muhammad
Usman, Wajahat
Gilani, Sayed Abdul Majid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4340-1643
Tangri, Kiran
Lihe, Raymond
Armosh, Firas
Tantry, Ansarullah
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Article History
Received: 11 May 2026
Accepted: 27 July 2026
First Online: 2 August 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval and consent to participate: The ethics for the study were approved by the University Research Ethics Committee (UREC) at Ulster University in accordance with the Ulster University Code of Practice for Professional Integrity in the Conduct of Research. The Ethics Code is UUREC 2026/02/16. The research was carried out following the guidelines of the University Research Ethics Committee (UREC) at Ulster University. Finally, the research involving the participants complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants gave written consent to participate in the study. It should be noted that the study did not involve participants under the age of 18.
Consent for publications: Not Applicable.
Competing interests: N/A.
Field permission: Informed oral consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study, including local authorities. Each participant was fully informed about the purpose, procedures, and potential impacts of the research, and their participation was voluntary.
