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Article History

Received: 23 May 2026

Accepted: 10 August 2026

First Online: 27 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study received ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the College of Business and Economics, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia (Reference No. REC/07/26). The study protocol was reviewed through the Department of Economics research review process, and all procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the Arba Minch University ethical guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participation was voluntary, and respondents were informed about the purpose of the study, as well as the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: No, I declare that the authors have no competing interests as defined by Discover, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.