Document is current

Article History

Received: 23 April 2026

Accepted: 27 August 2026

First Online: 11 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Wollega University Research Ethics Approval Committee (WU-REC) in its meeting held on December 3, 2024 (Ref/No.WU/REC/798/Dec 3, 2024). It is further certified that the study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in the study. For the household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, participants provided either written or verbal informed consent prior to data collection, ensuring they were fully aware of the study’s purpose, their voluntary participation, and their right to withdraw at any time.

Consent to publish: Not applicable The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in the form of identifiable images, videos, or detailed personal biographies. All qualitative excerpts and quantitative data presented are fully anonymized and aggregated.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.