Crossmark

Heavy metal human health risk assessment and consumer perception of vegetables in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Published Online: 2026-10-06

Authors

Adam, Salifu https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6061-6273
Lwalaba, Jonas Lwalaba Wa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3942-1094
Balasha, Arsene Mushagalusa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-8462
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-10-06

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-10-06
More Information

Article History

Received: 11 May 2026

Accepted: 25 September 2026

First Online: 6 October 2026

Declarations

Ethical approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the University of Lubumbashi (reference no. Ref/FAC/AGRO/596/2025) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, adopted by the 18th World Medical Association General Assembly in Helsinki, Finland, in June 1964. Participation was entirely voluntary, and all respondents provided informed oral consent prior to inclusion in the study.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Use of AI and language assistance tools: The authors used Grammarly to assist with grammar, spelling, and language clarity. All scientific content, analysis, interpretation, and conclusions were developed by the authors. The authors reviewed and edited the manuscript as needed and take full responsibility for its content.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Document is current