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Authors
Vuorenmaa, Riikka https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1864-9501
Pihlajaniemi, Henrika https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4101-2804
Parhankangas, Outi https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5891-2534
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Oulu
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Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Declarations
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: Authors declare research collaboration with the city of Oulu in several projects, research project collaboration with the cities of Tallinn and Montpellier, and with the Lighting Urban Community International (LUCI) among other partners of Art of Darkness project after the selection and initial analysis of the materials of this article. Author HP declares she has received consultant honoraria from company Valoa Design Oy, which has urban lighting consultancy agreements with the cities of Jyväskylä and Helsinki. Additionnally, she has had urban lighting consultancy agreements with the city of Oulu, including the urban lighting master plan for Oulu (through the firms Arkkitehdit m3 Oy and Plaana Oy).
