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Authors
Lang, Eddy
Holroyd, Brian R.
Pietrosanu, Matthew
Chiu, Alice P. Y.
Mazzei, Darren
Taghizadeh, Niloofar
Dowling, Shawn
McDonald, Terrence
Sidra, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3485-4437
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: Brian R. Holroyd was the Senior Medical Director of the Emergency Strategic Clinical Network of Alberta Health services at the start of this work. Matthew Pietrosanu was employed by Alberta Health Services for statistical consulting, technical writing, and general advising in the Alberta Atlas of Healthcare Variation initiative, which was expanded to include the preparation of this manuscript.
