Updates are available Correction dated 2026-04-09

Article History

Received: 27 October 2023

Accepted: 4 January 2024

First Online: 5 February 2024

Change Date: 9 April 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: In the original publication of this article, a passage in the body text was inadvertently omitted during the production process, resulting in an incomplete and unintelligible sentence. The sentence originally appeared as: “As Sven Nyholm [11, 12, 13].” The correct and complete passage should read: “As Sven Nyholm [11, p. 2] writes, ‘there are certainly plenty of high-profile people who are very interested in Sophia and who are willing—if not eager—to interact with Sophia in highly anthropomorphizing ways.’ However, Sophia’s makers have been criticized for presenting the robot as more human-like than reality would permit. For instance, David Hanson, Sophia’s creator, told Jimmy Fallon on the Tonight Show that ‘she is basically alive’. This even though, just as an example, before Sophia can answer a question, the question must be transmitted to a server that has been programmed with an ensemble of large language models, which results in a considerable lag between questions and answers [12, 13].” The original article has been corrected.

Change Date: 9 April 2026

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-026-01115-1

Declarations

:

: The author has no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.