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Authors
Faye, Sylvain Landry Birane
Nkweteyim, Denis
Sow, Georgette Helene Coumba
Diop, Boly
Diongue, Fatoumata Bintou
Cisse, Birane
Dickson, Nsagha
Dia, Ndiaye
Badu, Kingsley
Ayana, Gelan
Ba, Mouhamadou Lamine
Mensah Gyening, Rose-Mary Owusuaa
Ondua, Moise
Ndiaye, Fatou
Diouf, Massamba
King, Rudith
Duclos, Vincent
Musa, Emmanuel
Goitom, Mary
Mellado, Bruce
Kong, Jude
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Canada’s International Development Research Centre (109981-001)
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (110554-001)
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Article History
Received: 16 December 2024
Accepted: 13 June 2025
First Online: 28 June 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the following institutional review boards: National Health Research Ethics Committee in Senegal (Ref: SEN 23/121), Institutional Review Board of Jimma University Institute of Health in Ethiopia (Ref: JUIH/IRB/581/23) Committee on Human Research, Publication and Ethics of Kwame Nkrumah University in Ghana (Ref: CHRPE/AP/1174/24). The study was conducted by the ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. All participants provided informed consent before participation. Informed consent was obtained in local languages and tailored formats to ensure comprehension and voluntariness.
