Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62403360, 72171172, 92367101)
the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (2023Z066038001)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China Basic Science Research Center Program (62088101)
Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2021SHZDZX0100)
iF open-funds from Xinghuo Eco and China Institute of Communications
Article History
Received: 19 September 2024
Revised: 20 December 2024
Accepted: 16 January 2025
First Online: 3 March 2025
Change Date: 2 September 2025
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: the statement of Data availability and Competing interests have been added.
Change Date: 10 September 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43684-025-00110-3
Declarations
:
: Li Li is the Managing Editor for Autonomous Intelligent Systems and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no other competing interests.