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Article History

Received: 27 May 2025

Revised: 19 August 2025

Accepted: 4 November 2025

First Online: 19 November 2025

Declarations

: We, the undersigned authors, hereby certify that all authors of this research work have read, understood, and followed the ethical guidelines provided in the "Ethical Responsibilities of Authors" section of the Instructions for Authors. We affirm that the article follows the criteria of authorship, honesty, and ethical behavior, with all contributions correctly recognized and no conflicts of interest. The research was carried out in conformity with applicable ethical principles, and all required clearances were received. We further confirm that the data supporting this study are accessible upon request and have been reported honestly, with no manipulation or fabrication.

: The Department of Civil Engineering's Ethics Committee at “Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab” accepted the study. All participants were informed of the study's aims, methodology, and potential dangers. All individuals provided written informed permission before participating in the study. Participants were also informed that their information will be kept safe and secure. They were told that they might withdraw from the research at any moment without penalty.

: All participants in this study provided written informed consent for the publication of their data and any accompanying photos. Participants were informed that their anonymized data will be published in scholarly journals, and they voluntarily agreed to this use before participating.

: Authors have no conflict of interest.