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Authors
Ogundero, Micheal A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9701-0533
Lawanson, Taibat
Yinusa, Ahmed A.
Umoren, Victor
Agunbiade, Foluso O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6467-8561
Fashanu, Theophilus A.
Amuda, Muhammed O. H.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
African Engineering and Technology Network
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Article History
Received: 4 July 2025
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests related to this research.
: This study was reviewed and approved by the University of Lagos Research Ethics Committee (UNILAGREC) . All procedures performed involving human participants were in accordance with institutional ethical standards and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on “Ethical responsibilities of Authors” as found in the Instructions for Authors.
: All participants involved in this study provided informed consent prior to participation. For participants under the age of 18, consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians. Participation was voluntary, and participants were fully informed of the purpose and non-invasive nature of the study.
