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Authors
Chang, Yu-Jie
Chang, Hsi-Shih
Chang, Chung-Hao
Yu, Tai-Kuei
Yu, Tai-Yi
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Article History
Received: 16 July 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or live vertebrates that require ethical approval. Daphnia magna is an invertebrate test organism commonly used in ecotoxicology and not subject to animal welfare regulations.
: Not applicable. (No individual person’s data are included.)
: The authors declare no competing interests.
