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Article History

Received: 8 October 2024

Accepted: 10 February 2025

First Online: 17 February 2025

Declarations

:

: The research involved experimenting on cows to collect the vital health parameters of cows. During this process, all the cows were treated with respect and without harm or discrimination, regardless of age or breed. The data collection was conducted with the consent and supervision of a professional veterinarian team, who ensured the cows' needs and welfare were prioritized. The research avoided harmful procedures, with veterinarians confirming that the use of sensor device did not cause lasting harm to the cows. The research was carried out following the guidelines of IPR, Legal and Ethical Matters Committee of Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University.

: The need for ethical approval was waived off by IPR, Legal and Ethical Matters Committee of Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University due to nature of the study as it involved non-invasive observation and monitoring only, ensuring no harm or distress to the animals under observation.

: The authors declare no competing interests.