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Article History

Received: 18 September 2024

Accepted: 24 March 2025

First Online: 9 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of Brunel University London. A risk assessment was performed, and the study protocol was reviewed and approved by the University’s Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained from all 20 participants who were continuously monitored for key physiological parameters (e.g., heart rate, oxygen saturation levels, body temperature). Additionally, the study adhered to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Declaration of Helsinki. To supplement the data collected from the 20 participants and enhance diversity, the MIMIC-III Public Health Dataset was utilized. This publicly available and anonymized dataset in accordance with applicable data protection regulations [ ]. The dataset is accessible at .

: As this study utilized anonymized data from a public dataset, informed consent was waived. The dataset complies with the relevant data protection and privacy regulations.

: The authors declare no competing interests.