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Article History

Received: 9 October 2025

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 7 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study does not involve human participants, human data, animals, or biological materials. Consequently, ethical approval from an institutional review board or ethics committee was not required for the conduct of this research. Not applicable. This research did not involve human participants or personal data requiring informed consent.

: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including images, videos, or identifiable information), and therefore consent for publication is not required.

: The authors declare no competing interests.