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Article History

Received: 5 October 2024

Accepted: 3 June 2025

First Online: 21 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The corncob used in this study, typically regarded as a by-product of corn plants, was collected in accordance with all applicable Nigerian federal and Ondo State guidelines for plant collection and research. It was sourced from the Federal University of Technology Akure’s farmland, ensuring adherence to sustainable cultivation practices while minimizing any impact on wild populations. As corncob is readily available as a by-product, no specific permissions or licenses were required for its collection. However, this study maintained a strong commitment to ethical considerations and environmental responsibility. The collection methods were non-destructive, focusing solely on the by-products of mature, harvested corn plants, ensuring no harm to the environment or unnecessary waste. Additionally, care was taken to respect the local communities involved, ensuring that the collection process did not disrupt their livelihoods.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.