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Article History

Received: 12 January 2025

Accepted: 11 June 2025

First Online: 30 August 2025

Declarations

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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this manuscript. This research was funded under the Student Research Project initiative by Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (University Reference No.: Approval/2024/1419) with a sanctioned amount of ₹1,50,000. The funding body had no involvement in the study’s design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or manuscript preparation. The authors further declare that consent to participate and consent to publish are not applicable to this study.

: This research is not based on human subjects, animal experiments, or data gathered from social media sites. The study aims to optimize the 3D printing parameters for Onyx-Kevlar composites with experimental methods, machine learning, and SEM analysis without demands for ethical considerations involving any of the above categories. All experimental procedures and analyses have adhered to appropriate scientific and institutional guidelines.

: The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this study