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Authors
Sari, Nasmi Herlina
Sujita,
Suteja,
Firdaus, Muhammad
Wardani, Deni
Syafri, Edi
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Article History
Received: 19 May 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: This research complies with institutional, national, and international guidelines regarding the use of plant materials. The plant species used ( Nicotiana tabacum L .) is not endangered and was obtained from cultivated agricultural waste, ensuring that no natural populations were disturbed.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
