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Article History

Received: 20 October 2025

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 5 February 2026

Declarations

:

: E-glass fiber for reinforcement and epoxy resin for the matrix were procured from Tana Manufacturing Plc in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, while calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) was sourced from New Wave Plc Industry in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. Both authors were involved in collecting these materials. The authors are fully authorized to collect and characterize the composite for automotive applications. The collection process adhered to all relevant local and national guidelines, and no further affirmation was required. All testing was conducted in accordance with the research ethics guidelines of Mekelle University. not applicane.

: Informed consent was obtained from the individuals whose identifiable images are included in this manuscript for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.